diff --git a/src/AnnotationControl/annotationPanel.js b/src/AnnotationControl/annotationPanel.js
index 1ccd379..3d47f8e 100644
--- a/src/AnnotationControl/annotationPanel.js
+++ b/src/AnnotationControl/annotationPanel.js
@@ -68,6 +68,41 @@ export function initAnnotationsPanel(viewer) {
     if (v.x != null && v.y != null && v.z != null) return [v.x, v.y, v.z]
     return null
   }
+  // Monotonic numbering: assign an increasing number to each UUID and never reuse numbers.
+  // Stored in-memory for the session; later we can persist to a file.
+  const _uuidToIndex = new Map()
+  let _nextIndex = 1
+
+  function _ensureIndexForUUID(uuid) {
+    if (!uuid) return null
+    if (!_uuidToIndex.has(uuid)) {
+      _uuidToIndex.set(uuid, _nextIndex++)
+    }
+    return _uuidToIndex.get(uuid)
+  }
+
+  function _renameJSTreeNode(nodeId, text) {
+    try {
+      if (window.$ && $.jstree) {
+        if ($.jstree.reference) {
+          const ref = $.jstree.reference(nodeId)
+          if (ref && typeof ref.rename_node === 'function') {
+            ref.rename_node(nodeId, text)
+            return
+          }
+        }
+        // fallback to global selector
+        if ($('#jstree_scene') && $('#jstree_scene').jstree) {
+          try {
+            $('#jstree_scene').jstree('rename_node', nodeId, text)
+            return
+          } catch (e) {}
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      // ignore rename failures
+    }
+  }
   function updateAnnotationsList() {
     // Implementation for listing annotations
     targetContainer.innerHTML = ''
@@ -86,12 +121,33 @@ export function initAnnotationsPanel(viewer) {
       targetContainer.appendChild(empty)
       return
     }
+    // Assign monotonic indices for any node UUIDs encountered and rename unlabeled nodes
+    try {
+      const items = (annotationsRoot.children || []).map((n) => ({ data: n.data || {}, node: n }))
+      for (const it of items) {
+        const uuid = (it.data && it.data.uuid) || null
+        if (!uuid) continue
+        const idx = _ensureIndexForUUID(uuid)
+        const text = (it.node && it.node.text) || ''
+        const shouldRename = !text || text.trim() === '' || text === 'Unnamed' || text === 'Annotation Title'
+        if (shouldRename && idx != null) {
+          const newName = `Annotation #${idx}`
+          _renameJSTreeNode(it.node.id, newName)
+          it.node.text = newName
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      // ignore failures; we just won't rename nodes in that case
+    }
+
+    // Build list entries for each annotation node
     annotationsRoot.children.forEach((node) => {
+
       const row = document.createElement('div')
       row.className = 'annotation-row'
 
-      const label = document.createElement('span')
-      label.textContent = node.text || 'Unnamed'
+  const label = document.createElement('span')
+  label.textContent = node.text || 'Unnamed'
       label.className = 'annotation-label'
 
       // Jump button